Flora diversity
Palestine’s living botanical heritage — documented, protected, and open to explor
Flora Diversity
Palestine sits at the crossroads of three continents, making it one of the most botanically rich landscapes in the Mediterranean region. With over 2,700 documented plant species spanning 114 distinct families, its flora reflects centuries of ecological and cultural history.
At EECU, we document, protect, and revitalize this living heritage — with a particular focus on the 46 strictly Palestinian species and 150 endemic species found nowhere else on Earth. From Sahl Sumit to the Jordan Valley, our work ensures that Palestine’s botanical identity is preserved for future generations.
Flora diversity in Palestine represents one of the richest botanical landscapes in the Mediterranean region. Our platform documents and preserves this vital ecological, scientific, and cultural heritage of plant life.
Palestine's Flora in Numbers
Total Plant Species Documented
Distinct Plant Families
Endemic Species
Strictly Palestinian Species
From the Field — Conservation Activities
Eco-Trail and Guided Visit
An-Najah students participate in an eco-trail and guided visit to Al-Nassariya Farm
5/10/2025
A group of students from An-Najah National University recently took part in an environmental field trip to the University’s farm in the Al-Nassariya area. The visit was organized by the Friends of the Environment Association at the Faculty of Science, in cooperation with the Palestinian Environmental Quality Authority, and under the supervision of the Deanship of Student Affairs. The activity aimed to promote experiential learning, raise environmental awareness among students, and support the University’s commitment to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly quality education, sustainable cities and communities, climate action, and life on land.
The visit included a specialized briefing delivered by the Environmental Quality Authority team, focusing on invasive alien plant species and their impact on biodiversity. The briefing also addressed the environmental conditions of the area and highlighted the main challenges facing local ecosystems. In addition, students toured the farm’s various facilities, including greenhouses, the fish pond, seedling production systems, and modern irrigation technologies.
Dr. Raed Alkowni, Supervisor of the Friends of the Environment Association at the Faculty of Science, emphasized the importance of such field activities in enriching students’ environmental knowledge. He highlighted their role in strengthening environmental awareness and responsibility, as well as in linking academic learning with hands-on practical experience.
For her part, student Ikram Othman Alsedda, President of the Friends of the Environment Association, commended the ongoing support provided by the Faculty of Science, the Deanship of Student Affairs, and the “Ehna An-Najah” team. She praised their efforts in facilitating and organizing meaningful activities that enhance students’ practical experience and broaden their engagement with environmental and community issues.
This field trip forms part of a series of activities organized by the Friends of the Environment Association at the Faculty of Science, aimed at bridging theory and practice and strengthening students’ role in protecting the Palestinian environment and preserving its biodiversity.
Annual Nature Protection
Annual Meeting of the Scientific Forum for Nature Protection
2/4/2026
The Scientific Forum for Nature Protection held its annual meeting at the farm of An-Najah National University, located in the Sumeit Plain near the town of Al-Nassariya in the Jordan Valley, with the participation of a distinguished group of academics, researchers, and individuals interested in environmental issues and biodiversity conservation.
This meeting was held within the framework of strengthening national efforts aimed at protecting the Palestinian environment and conserving natural resources, as well as supporting specialized scientific research in the fields of biodiversity, vegetation conservation, and monitoring natural ecosystems in Palestine.
The meeting featured in-depth discussions on the key challenges facing the Palestinian environment, particularly climate change, biodiversity loss, urban expansion, and the impact of unsustainable practices on natural resources. It also included presentations of several scientific and field initiatives implemented by the forum in collaboration with Palestinian universities and various environmental institutions.
Participants emphasized the importance of enhancing joint efforts between academic institutions, official environmental bodies, and local communities, contributing to building a strong scientific foundation to support nature conservation decisions and ensure the sustainability of environmental resources for future generations.
They also stressed the need to intensify field visits, applied research, and the documentation of Palestinian flora, as a vital component of environmental and national identity, and a key pillar in sustainable development efforts.
The Scientific Forum for Nature Protection continues its leading role in supporting environmental studies, raising community awareness, and developing scientific initiatives that contribute to protecting the Palestinian environment and strengthening the role of scientific research in this vital field.

Plant Flora Workshop
22/9/2024
The Scientific Forum for Nature Conservation organized an awareness workshop on plant biodiversity in the Al-Nassariya area of the Jordan Valley, with the participation of academics, researchers, environmental and agricultural specialists, university students, and members of the local community.
The workshop aimed to enhance environmental awareness of the importance of Palestinian plant biodiversity and its role in maintaining ecological balance, supporting food security, protecting native and medicinal plants, and preserving the national agricultural heritage.
The workshop included introductory sessions on wild and native plants found in the Al-Nassariya area, highlighting the importance of protecting endemic and rare species, as well as discussing the major challenges facing vegetation cover, including climate change, overgrazing, urban expansion, and unsustainable agricultural practices.
It also featured practical field training on proper agricultural methods, plant care, soil improvement techniques, sustainable irrigation practices, and the handling of medicinal and aromatic plants. These activities aimed to promote environmentally friendly agricultural practices and strengthen agricultural sustainability.
Participants emphasized the importance of linking scientific knowledge with practical field applications, as this has a direct impact on protecting natural resources and improving agricultural productivity, especially in environmentally significant rural and agricultural areas.
This workshop is part of a series of environmental and field activities implemented by the Scientific Forum for Nature Conservation to spread environmental awareness, support scientific research, and strengthen partnerships between academic institutions and local communities in the field of nature conservation and biodiversity protection in Palestine.
A Documented Collection of Palestine's Native Plant Species

Senecio leucanthemifolius

Heliotropium europaeum

Allium trifoliatum

Anagallis arvensis

Ranunculus asiaticus

Sideritis perfoliata

Trifolium stellatum

Ornithogalum montanum

Trifolium pilulare

Trifolium purpureum

Paronychia argentea

Cistus incanus

Medicago coronata

Trifolium tomentosum

Convolvulus pentapetaloides

Centaurea cyanoides

Cistus salviifolius

Clematis cirrhosa

Valerianella vesicaria

Sarcopoterium spinosum

Pennisetum orientale

Ziziphus lotus

Bryonia syriaca

Biarum pyrami

Atractylis comosa

Lactuca tuberosa

ceratonia siliqua

Onosma orientalis

Brassica nigra

Mandragora autumnalis

Trifolium resupinatum

Narcissus tazetta

Anthemis palestina

Ranunculus scandicinus

Cyclamen persicum

Silene aegyptiaca

Geranium rotundifolium

Silybum marianum

Stellaria pallida

terocephalus plumosus

Malva nicaeensis

Lathyrus hierosolymitanus

Asteriscus spinosus

Tetragonolobus palaestinus

Centaurea hyalolepis

Campanula strigosa

Quercus calliprinos

Ononis pubescens

Papaver umbonatum

Legousia speculum-veneris

Anemone coronaria L

Fumaria densiflora

Asphodelus aestivus

Daucus carota L

Heliotropium hirsutissimum

Papaver hybridum

Centaurea iberica

Nonea obtusifolia

Knautia integrifolia

Adonis palaestina

Iris sisyrinchium

Cephalaria joppensis

Hordeum marinum

Capparis spinosa

Diplotaxis erucoides

Cichorium endivia

Trifolium campestre

Eryngium creticum

Notobasis syriaca

Echinops adenocaulos

Geropogon hybridus

Echium judaeum

Linum pubescens

Glebionis coronarium

Ruta chalepensis

Asparagus horridus

Veronica syriaca Roem

Calicotome villosa

Lotus peregrinus

Teucrium divaricatum

Cuscuta brevistyla

Artedia squamata

origanum syriacum

Erucaria hispanica

Silene behen L.

Helichrysum sanguineum

Crocus hyemalis

Lamium moschatum

Valantia hispida

Micromeria nervosa

Silene colorata

Bellevalia flexuosa

Avena sterilis

Salvia viridis

Sinapis alba

Salvia judaica

Alcea setosa

Vicia palaestina

Urtica pilulifera

Scuterllaria rubicunda

Briza maxima

Verbascum sinuatum

Anagyris foetida

Ononis spinosa

Cynosurus echinatus

Salvia fruticosa

Phleum subulatum

Phagnalon rupestre

Erodium gruinum

Scabiosa prolifera

Onopordum cynarocephalum

Alopecurus utriculatus

Lamium amplexicaule

Ammi majus

Reseda alba

Anchusa aggregate

Sanguisorba minor

Moluccella spinosa

Trifolium clypeatum

Biscutella didyma

Arum palaestinum

Salvia dominica

Micromeria fruticosa

Pistacia palaestina

Melilotus sulcatus

Capsella bursa-pastoris

Smilax aspera
Threatened & Endangered Species → Rare, Rooted, and at Risk
Across the globe, thousands of species teeter on the edge of extinction — not by chance, but as a direct consequence of human activity. From ancient forests to ocean depths, the web of life is fraying at an accelerating pace. This section explores what it means to be rare, rooted, and at risk — and why these species matter to all living systems.
Species threatened with extinction on the IUCN Red List
Estimated species at risk globally according to the UN
Faster than natural background extinction rates
Every species lost is a thread pulled from the fabric of an ecosystem. Extinction is not a distant event — it reshapes soil health, pollination, water cycles, and the food systems that sustain human life.
Featured species
Critically Endangered
Amur Leopard
Panthera pardus orientalis
Fewer than 100 remain in the wild. Habitat loss and poaching in the Russian Far East have pushed this solitary big cat to the brink.
Critically Endangered
Sumatran Orangutan
Pongo abelii
Palm oil deforestation has destroyed over 80% of their forest habitat within just three generations of this highly intelligent primate.
Endangered
African Forest Elephant
Loxodonta cyclotis
Lost more than 86% of its population over 31 years due to poaching and forest fragmentation across Central Africa.
Endangered
Hawksbill Sea Turtle
Eretmochelys imbricata
Their shells have been illegally traded for centuries. Today, climate change and reef degradation threaten their nesting beaches worldwide.
Vulnerable
Giant Panda
Ailuropoda melanoleuca
A rare conservation success story — still vulnerable, but recovering thanks to aggressive habitat protection in China’s bamboo forests.
Critically Endangered
Javan Rhino
Rhinoceros sondaicus
Only around 70 individuals survive in a single protected area in Indonesia, making it among the rarest large mammals on Earth.
Primary threats
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Habitat loss and fragmentationDeforestation, wetland drainage, and urban expansion eliminate the spaces species need to feed, breed, and migrate.
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Overexploitation and illegal wildlife tradePoaching for ivory, bushmeat, traditional medicine, and the exotic pet trade decimates wild populations faster than they can recover.
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Climate change and shifting ecosystemsRising temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and ocean acidification alter habitats at a pace species cannot adapt to quickly enough.
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Invasive species and diseaseNon-native predators, competitors, and pathogens introduced by human activity devastate island and freshwater ecosystems in particular.
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Pollution and chemical contaminationPesticides, plastic waste, and industrial runoff accumulate in food chains, impairing reproduction and immunity across countless species.
Conservation approaches
Protected areas
National parks and marine reserves safeguard core habitats from development.
Captive breeding
Zoo and sanctuary programs maintain genetic diversity while wild populations recover.
Anti-poaching law
International enforcement and community ranger programs deter illegal wildlife trade.
Habitat restoration
Rewilding and reforestation reconnect fragmented ecosystems, expanding range for native species.
Community engagement
Local stewardship and indigenous knowledge are critical to long-term species survival.
Climate policy
Reducing emissions and protecting carbon sinks is now inseparable from biodiversity conservation.
Research & Publications → From the Lab to the Land
Come See It for Yourself
The best way to understand Palestine’s flora is to walk among it. Join a guided eco-trail at Sahl Sumit or Al-Nassariya Farm and experience the living botanical heritage firsthand.
Who Can Join? — Schools, universities, families, and researchers
Where? — Sahl Sumit & Al-Nassariya Farm, Nablus
Conservation of flora diversity is a collective duty, not an optional pursuit
Protecting this rich botanical heritage is not merely about saving individual plant species; it is a fundamental prerequisite for ensuring long-term food security, safeguarding public health, and sustaining future generations.
From mountain ecosystems to preserved gene banks, defending Palestine’s living botanical legacy is an essential and enduring responsibility